An Integrated Framework for Multipollutant Air Quality Management and Its Application in Georgia

Air protection agencies in the United States increasingly confront non-attainment of air quality standards for multiple pollutants sharing interrelated emission origins. Traditional approaches to attainment planning face important limitations that are magnified in the multipollutant context. Recognizing those limitations, the Georgia Environmental Protection Division has adopted an integrated framework to address ozone, fine particulate matter, and regional haze in the state. Rather than applying atmospheric modeling merely as a final check of an overall strategy, photochemical sensitivity analysis is conducted upfront to compare the effectiveness of controlling various precursor emission species and source regions. Emerging software enables the modeling of health benefits and associated economic valuations resulting from air pollution control. Photochemical sensitivity and health benefits analyses, applied together with traditional cost and feasibility assessments, provide a more comprehensive characterization of the implications of various control options. The fuller characterization both informs the selection of control options and facilitates the communication of impacts to affected stakeholders and the public. Although the integrated framework represents a clear improvement over previous attainment-planning efforts, key remaining shortcomings are also discussed.     

水泥企业除尘效益及其岗位考核

通过水泥企业除尘效益计算,并量化到具体岗位,提出岗位考核方案。目的在于使环保效益数量化,环境管理定量化。     

Mitigating flood risk and enhancing community resilience to natural disasters: plan quality matters

In response to increasingly frequent and severe flooding events, tracking the explanatory elements of integrative planning effort can provide useful assessment of initiatives that foster improved community disaster resiliency. In this research, we address the effect of local hazard mitigation plan quality on mitigating disaster risk with an emphasis on the relationship between plan quality and community resilience. Using content analysis and principles of plan quality metrics, we evaluate local hazard mitigation plans to determine how well they support disaster risk reduction. Analytically, these metrics and relevant controls were incorporated into both a log-linear two-stage least squares model and a quantile regression model to explain flood loss at the county level for the US Mississippi River Basin. Findings suggest that better plan quality and high levels of community resilience result in reducing disaster losses.     

Pesticide residues in products of plant origin in the European Union

The results of a co-ordinated monitoring programme for pesticide residues in the European Union and Norway carried out in 1996 and 1997 are presented. The aim of this programme is to work towards a system, which makes it possible to estimate actual dietary pesticide intake for the population of the European Union. Based on a statistically dérived sampling plan and within the limited number of pesticides/commodities analysed, the most critical pesticides (benomyl group and dithiocarbamates) and commodities (mandarine and lettuce) were identified. In case of detected non-compliances, repeated sampling and, if necessary, enforcement actions are to be taken by national authorities. The programme will be continued in the next years.     

基于GIS天津市燃气管网预警系统的构建研究

基于GIS的原理,结合燃气事故的致因及其后果,对燃气泄漏模型、扩散模型、火灾及爆炸后果模型进行完善和改进,建立了燃气事故预警模型;通过Visual C++编程,借助ARCGIS平台将燃气事故预警模型与天津市燃气管网GIS相结合,构建了基于GIS的天津市燃气管网预警系统。该系统应用结果显示:由燃气事故预警模型计算得出的事故后果,通过GIS地理空间数据库和模型库的链接,实现了燃气泄漏点的可视化预警分析;并根据分析结果启动相应应急预案,实现了事故预警实时分析与应急预案启动的联动功能,为相关决策者提供了可靠决策依据。     

A comparative study of prenatal ultrasound findings and post-mortem examination in a tertiary referral centre

This retrospective study compares the findings of prenatal ultrasound, performed in a tertiary fetal medicine centre, with the results of post-mortem examination in pregnancies complicated by suspected fetal abnormality that results in fetal loss. The study was carried out over a year at a teaching hospital, Fetal Medicine Centre and Regional Centre for Perinatal Pathology. Results were directly compared and the level of agreement between the ultrasound and post-mortem findings described. These were classified as having complete agreement; major agreement or major disagreement. The group of cases with major agreement between findings was further divided into those with significant, or minor, additional findings at post-mortem examination. Over the 12-month period, 153 ultrasound cases were identified, of which 47 were also examined by autopsy and were thus suitable for comparison in this study (30.7%). Complete agreement between ultrasound and post-mortem findings was found in 22 cases (46.8%). In 24 cases (51.1%), major agreement between ultrasound and post-mortem findings was seen. Of these, 11 had minor additional findings at post-mortem examination and 13 were found to have significant additional findings at post-mortem (27.7%), adding to the eventual diagnosis. In 12.8% of cases, post-mortem examination provided a definitive diagnosis. Only in one case was there complete discordance in the findings of the ultrasound examination and the autopsy (2.1%). No major disagreement between ultrasound and post-mortem findings was seen in 98% of cases. This study confirms the accuracy of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis in specialist centres, whilst emphasising the continuing importance of post-mortem examination in cases of fetal malformation to refine and, in some cases, define the diagnosis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Opportunity costs of implementing forest plans

Intellectual concern with the National Forest Management Act of 1976 has followed a course emphasizing the planning aspects of the legislation associated with the development of forest plans. Once approved, however, forest plans must be implemented. Due to the complex nature of the ecological systems of interest, and the multiple and often conflicting desires of user clientele groups, the feasibility and costs of implementing forest plans require immediate investigation. For one timber sale on the Coconino National Forest in Arizona, forest plan constraints were applied and resulting resource outputs predicted using the terrestrial ecosystem analysis and modeling system (TEAMS), a computer-based decision support system developed at the School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, With forest plan constraints for wildlife habitat, visual diversity, riparian area protection, and soil and slope harvesting restrictions, the maximum timber harvest obtainable was reduced 58% from the maximum obtainable without plan constraints.Former Graduate Student at Northern Arizona University.     

湘东北燕山晚期花岗岩构造环境判别

在湘东北中生代多期陆内花岗岩浆活动中 ,燕山晚期花岗岩占有重要地位 ,燕山晚期大规模花岗岩侵入代表一种特殊的构造环境。本文通过湘东北主要燕山晚期花岗岩的岩石化学和微量元素来判别成岩构造环境 ,认为该期花岗岩属于富碱质的钙碱性花岗岩 ,为陆内拉张环境下的产物 ,进一步进行构造环境分类 ,判别其属于后造山PA型花岗岩 ,形成于造山作用后期的拉张环境 ,与陆内裂谷长期拉张的构造环境明显不同。在区域构造演化分析的基础上 ,提出湘东北燕山晚期花岗岩形成于印支—燕山早期陆内挤压 走滑剪切造山作用后期的构造松弛阶段拉张环境 ,燕山晚期PA型花岗岩的出现标志着陆内活化由挤压向拉张的构造转折 ,同时也反映湘东北的陆内活化至少经历了陆内挤压和陆内拉张两个演化阶段。     

气水比对后置固相反硝化滤池工艺脱氮及微生物群落影响

为解决现有低碳源污水处理工艺能耗高、工艺复杂和脱氮效果不佳等问题,首次提出一种新型的混凝沉淀/后置固相反硝化滤池工艺(CS-BAF-SPDB).重点研究了气水比对该工艺脱氮效率的影响,同时采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术从微观微生物群落的角度揭示了宏观运行条件对脱氮效率影响的机理.研究结果表明,为同时获得理想的硝化和反硝化效果,后置固相反硝化滤池工艺中硝化滤池的气水比应该设定为4∶1.同时,宏观运行参数对BAF和SPDB处理效果的影响和微观微生物群落的动态变化直接相关.在BAF中氨氧化菌(Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii)和亚硝酸盐氧化菌(Nitrosomonas sp.Nm47)的组成、数量与活性随气水比的变化直接决定了BAF中硝化效果的好坏,而SPDB中固体碳源降解反硝化微生物Pseudomonas sp.、Myxobacterium AT3-03和异养反硝化菌Dechloromonas agitate、Comamonas granuli和Rubrivivax gelatinosus的群落结构随气水比的变化直接决定了SPDB中有机碳源的释放和反硝化效能的优劣.     

实施中国环境标志计划,促进相关行业节能减排

通过对中国环境标志计划由来和发展以及环境标志定义的介绍,阐述了中国环境标志标准遵循的原则、框架及标准类别,介绍了中国环境标志认证制度和模式,分析了中国环境标志计划的实施对相关行业节能减排的促进作用,说明了中国环境标志计划已成为国家推动节能减排和循环经济战略的重要手段。